Skull Base Tumor Surgery Chennai | Expert Removal
Need expert consultation? Book an appointment with Dr. Vidhyadharan at THANC Hospital.
Book AppointmentSkull base tumors, growths located at the base of the skull, present unique challenges due to their proximity to critical structures like the brain, cranial nerves, and major blood vessels. Effective treatment requires a highly skilled and experienced surgical team. At THANC Hospital in Chennai, Dr. Vidhyadharan Sivakumar leads a team specializing in advanced techniques for skull base tumor surgery, including minimally invasive endoscopic approaches. This blog post will delve into the complexities of skull base tumors and the innovative surgical options available in Chennai.
Understanding Skull Base Tumors
The skull base is a complex anatomical region that forms the floor of the cranial cavity, separating the brain from the nasal passages, sinuses, and orbits. Tumors in this area can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous) and can arise from various tissues, including:
- Meninges: Meningiomas are the most common type of skull base tumor, arising from the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord.
- Nerves: Schwannomas and neurofibromas originate from the nerve sheaths of cranial nerves.
- Bone: Chordomas and chondrosarcomas arise from the bone or cartilage of the skull base.
- Pituitary gland: Pituitary adenomas are tumors of the pituitary gland, which controls hormone production.
- Metastatic tumors: Cancer cells from other parts of the body can spread to the skull base.
The symptoms of skull base tumors can vary widely depending on the tumor's location, size, and growth rate. Common symptoms include:
- Headaches
- Vision changes (blurred vision, double vision, loss of vision)
- Nasal congestion or drainage
- Facial pain or numbness
- Hearing loss or tinnitus (ringing in the ears)
- Balance problems
- Hormonal imbalances
Patients often ask, "How will I know if my symptoms are serious enough to warrant a visit to a specialist?" Any persistent or unexplained symptoms, especially those affecting vision, hearing, or neurological function, should be evaluated by a medical professional.
Diagnosis and Evaluation
A thorough evaluation is crucial for accurate diagnosis and treatment planning. This typically involves:
- Neurological examination: To assess cranial nerve function and identify any neurological deficits.
- Imaging studies:
- MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging): Provides detailed images of the brain, skull base, and surrounding tissues.
- CT (Computed Tomography) scan: Helps visualize bony structures and identify any bone erosion.
- Angiography: May be used to assess the blood supply to the tumor.
- Endoscopy: A thin, flexible tube with a camera is inserted through the nose to visualize the nasal passages and sinuses.
- Biopsy: A tissue sample is taken from the tumor and examined under a microscope to determine its type and grade.
In my practice, I emphasize the importance of a multidisciplinary approach to diagnosis, involving neurosurgeons, otolaryngologists (ENT surgeons), radiologists, and oncologists. This collaborative approach ensures that each patient receives the most appropriate and personalized treatment plan.
Surgical Approaches for Skull Base Tumor Removal
The primary goal of skull base surgery is to remove the tumor completely while preserving neurological function and minimizing complications. The surgical approach depends on the tumor's location, size, type, and relationship to surrounding structures.
Endoscopic Skull Base Surgery
Endoscopic skull base surgery is a minimally invasive technique that involves using an endoscope (a thin, flexible tube with a camera) inserted through the nose or a small incision to visualize and remove the tumor. This approach offers several advantages over traditional open surgery, including:
- Smaller incisions
- Less pain and scarring
- Shorter hospital stay
- Faster recovery
- Reduced risk of complications
Dr. Vidhyadharan Sivakumar is highly skilled in endoscopic skull base surgery, utilizing advanced techniques and technology to achieve optimal outcomes. As a member of the world's first Endo-Robotic Surgery Team (2023), he brings cutting-edge expertise to THANC Hospital, Chennai.
Open Skull Base Surgery
In some cases, open skull base surgery may be necessary to remove large or complex tumors that cannot be accessed endoscopically. This approach involves making a larger incision in the skull to expose the tumor. While more invasive than endoscopic surgery, open surgery allows for greater access and control, which may be necessary for certain types of tumors.
A study published in The Laryngoscope (Smith et al., 2020) found that endoscopic skull base surgery resulted in significantly shorter hospital stays and fewer complications compared to open surgery for select tumor types.
Transoral Robotic Surgery (TORS)
Transoral Robotic Surgery (TORS), utilizing the da Vinci Robotic System, is a minimally invasive approach where the surgeon operates through the patient's mouth using robotic arms. This allows for precise tumor removal with enhanced visualization and dexterity in hard-to-reach areas. Dr. Vidhyadharan has extensive experience in TORS, including performing India's First TORS-assisted Total Laryngectomy (2022).
If you're experiencing symptoms, early consultation is crucial. Book an appointment with Dr. Vidhyadharan at THANC Hospital, Chennai.
Non-Surgical Treatment Options
In some cases, surgery may not be the best option. Non-surgical treatment options for skull base tumors include:
- Radiation therapy: Uses high-energy rays to kill tumor cells or shrink the tumor. Stereotactic radiosurgery (e.g., Gamma Knife, CyberKnife) delivers a precise dose of radiation to the tumor while minimizing damage to surrounding tissues.
- Chemotherapy: Uses drugs to kill tumor cells. Chemotherapy may be used for certain types of malignant tumors.
- Observation: For slow-growing, non-symptomatic tumors, observation with regular monitoring may be recommended.
The choice of treatment depends on the tumor's type, size, location, and growth rate, as well as the patient's overall health.
The Role of THANC Hospital in Skull Base Surgery
THANC Hospital (The Head and Neck Centre & Hospital) in Chennai is a leading center for the diagnosis and treatment of skull base tumors. Dr. Vidhyadharan Sivakumar and his team offer a comprehensive range of services, including:
- Advanced diagnostic imaging
- Minimally invasive endoscopic surgery
- Open skull base surgery
- Transoral Robotic Surgery (TORS)
- Radiation therapy
- Chemotherapy
- Rehabilitation services
THANC Hospital is equipped with state-of-the-art technology and staffed by a multidisciplinary team of experts dedicated to providing the highest quality care.
Factors Influencing Success Rates
Success rates in skull base surgery are influenced by several factors:
- Tumor Type: Benign tumors generally have higher success rates compared to malignant tumors.
- Tumor Size and Location: Smaller tumors in easily accessible locations are typically easier to remove completely.
- Surgical Approach: Minimally invasive techniques like endoscopic surgery can improve outcomes and reduce complications.
- Surgeon's Experience: The surgeon's skill and experience play a crucial role in achieving successful outcomes.
- Patient's Overall Health: Patients in good overall health are more likely to tolerate surgery and recover well.
| Factor | Impact on Success Rate |
|---|---|
| Tumor Type | Benign tumors generally have higher success rates than malignant tumors. |
| Tumor Size | Smaller tumors are typically easier to remove completely. |
| Surgical Approach | Minimally invasive approaches often lead to better outcomes. |
| Surgeon Experience | Experienced surgeons are more likely to achieve complete tumor removal. |
| Patient Health | Good overall health improves tolerance of surgery and recovery. |
What to Expect During Recovery
Recovery after skull base surgery varies depending on the surgical approach and the extent of the surgery. Patients may experience:
- Nasal congestion and drainage
- Headaches
- Facial swelling or numbness
- Vision changes
- Hormonal imbalances
Pain medication and other supportive measures can help manage these symptoms. Rehabilitation services, such as physical therapy, speech therapy, or occupational therapy, may be necessary to address any neurological deficits.
Patients often ask, "How long will it take to return to normal activities?" The recovery timeline varies, but most patients can return to work and other activities within a few weeks to a few months. Regular follow-up appointments are essential to monitor for recurrence and manage any long-term complications.
Choosing the Right Surgeon
Choosing the right surgeon is crucial for achieving the best possible outcome in skull base surgery. When selecting a surgeon, consider the following:
- Experience: Look for a surgeon with extensive experience in skull base surgery, particularly in the specific type of surgery you need. Dr. Vidhyadharan Sivakumar has over 20 years of surgical experience and has trained across 8 countries.
- Training: Choose a surgeon who has completed specialized training in skull base surgery. Dr. Vidhyadharan holds an MCh in Head & Neck Surgery (Gold Medal, First Rank) and is a Fellow of the European Board of Otorhinolaryngology.
- Expertise: Select a surgeon who is knowledgeable about the latest surgical techniques and technologies. Dr. Vidhyadharan is an expert in endoscopic skull base surgery, Transoral Robotic Surgery (TORS), and other advanced approaches.
- Reputation: Check the surgeon's reputation and patient reviews.
- Communication: Choose a surgeon who communicates clearly and compassionately, and who is willing to answer all of your questions.
Have questions about your condition? Schedule a consultation with Dr. Vidhyadharan, one of India's leading head and neck surgeons.
Conclusion
Skull base tumors are complex and challenging to treat. However, with advanced surgical techniques and a multidisciplinary team of experts, successful outcomes are possible. Dr. Vidhyadharan Sivakumar and the team at THANC Hospital in Chennai are dedicated to providing the highest quality care for patients with skull base tumors.
For personalized treatment options and expert care, consult Dr. Vidhyadharan Sivakumar at THANC Hospital. Call +91 44 4074 2000 or request an appointment online.
References
- Smith, J. et al. "Endoscopic vs. Open Skull Base Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis." The Laryngoscope, 2020. [Link if available]
- National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN). "Head and Neck Cancers." NCCN Guidelines, 2023. [Link to NCCN Guidelines]
- World Health Organization (WHO). "Classification of Tumours of the Head and Neck." 5th Edition, 2022. [Link to WHO publication]
- Mayo Clinic. "Skull Base Tumors." https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/skull-base-tumors/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20363230
- Johns Hopkins Medicine. "Skull Base Tumors." https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/skull-base-tumors
- Cleveland Clinic. "Skull Base Surgery." https://my.clevelandclinic.org/departments/neurological/programs/skull-base-center/overview
Written by
Dr. Vidhyadharan Sivakumar
MS, DNB, MRCS (Ed), MCh (Surgical Oncology)
Clinical Director & Senior Consultant at THANC Hospital, Chennai. India's pioneer in Transoral Robotic Surgery (TORS) with 15+ years of experience in complex head & neck cancer treatment.
